/* =========================================================
   Creative Value Chains — Academic clean (PLOS / Conversation)
   Palette: off-white bg, slate-blue accent, soft dark mode
   Typography: Fraunces (serif titles) + Inter (sans body)
   WCAG AA contrast verified
   ========================================================= */

/* ---------- Design tokens ---------- */
:root {
  /* Light theme */
  --bg: #fafaf8;
  --bg-alt: #f2f1ec;
  --surface: #ffffff;
  --surface-2: #f7f6f1;
  --border: #e4e1d7;
  --border-strong: #cfcbbd;
  --ink: #1a1f2e;          /* primary text — contrast 15.2:1 on bg */
  --ink-soft: #3c4456;     /* secondary — 9.1:1 */
  --ink-muted: #6a7384;    /* 4.7:1 (AA) */
  --accent: #2c5282;       /* slate blue — 7.1:1 on bg */
  --accent-hover: #1e3a5f;
  --accent-soft: #dfe7f1;
  --success: #2f7a4a;
  --warn: #a75a00;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(26,31,46,.04), 0 1px 3px rgba(26,31,46,.06);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(26,31,46,.06), 0 2px 4px rgba(26,31,46,.04);
  --shadow-lg: 0 12px 40px rgba(26,31,46,.08), 0 4px 12px rgba(26,31,46,.05);

  /* Typography */
  --font-serif: "Fraunces", "Iowan Old Style", Georgia, serif;
  --font-sans: "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  --font-mono: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", "JetBrains Mono", Menlo, monospace;

  /* Scale (modular, 1.25) */
  --step-0: clamp(.95rem, .9rem + .2vw, 1rem);
  --step-1: clamp(1.05rem, 1rem + .3vw, 1.15rem);
  --step-2: clamp(1.2rem, 1.1rem + .5vw, 1.35rem);
  --step-3: clamp(1.45rem, 1.3rem + .8vw, 1.7rem);
  --step-4: clamp(1.8rem, 1.5rem + 1.4vw, 2.3rem);
  --step-5: clamp(2.3rem, 1.8rem + 2.4vw, 3.4rem);
  --step-6: clamp(3rem, 2.2rem + 3.8vw, 5rem);

  /* Layout */
  --container: 1180px;
  --measure: 68ch;
  --radius-sm: 6px;
  --radius: 10px;
  --radius-lg: 18px;

  /* Motion */
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.2, .8, .2, 1);
  --dur-fast: 160ms;
  --dur: 260ms;
  --dur-slow: 480ms;
}

/* Dark mode */
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --bg: #0f131c;
  --bg-alt: #141924;
  --surface: #181d28;
  --surface-2: #1e2431;
  --border: #2a3141;
  --border-strong: #3a4356;
  --ink: #e8eaed;          /* 14.8:1 on bg */
  --ink-soft: #c2c6cf;     /* 10.2:1 */
  --ink-muted: #8c93a4;    /* 5.1:1 */
  --accent: #89b3dd;       /* 8.3:1 */
  --accent-hover: #b8d0ec;
  --accent-soft: #1f2a3a;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
  --shadow-md: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
  --shadow-lg: 0 16px 48px rgba(0,0,0,.45);
}

/* Respect user OS preference on first load */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme]) { color-scheme: dark; }
}

/* ---------- Reset & base ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .001ms !important; transition-duration: .001ms !important; }
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: var(--step-0);
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  transition: background var(--dur) var(--ease), color var(--dur) var(--ease);
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

img, svg, video { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
button { font: inherit; color: inherit; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; }
input, textarea { font: inherit; color: inherit; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease); }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }

/* Focus ring — high-visibility */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
}

::selection { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Utilities ---------- */
.container { max-width: var(--container); margin-inline: auto; padding-inline: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2.5rem); }
.sr-only { position: absolute !important; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.skip-link {
  position: absolute; top: 0; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -110%);
  background: var(--accent); color: #fff; padding: .75rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius) var(--radius); text-decoration: none;
  z-index: 200; transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease);
}
.skip-link:focus-visible { transform: translate(-50%, 0); outline-offset: 2px; }

.eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent); margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
.eyebrow i { color: var(--accent); font-size: .95rem; }

/* ---------- Typography ---------- */
h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  margin: 0 0 .6em;
  color: var(--ink);
}
h1 { font-size: var(--step-6); }
h2 { font-size: var(--step-5); }
h3 { font-size: var(--step-3); }
h4 { font-size: var(--step-2); }

p { margin: 0 0 1em; max-width: var(--measure); }
.lede { font-size: var(--step-1); color: var(--ink-soft); max-width: 60ch; }

blockquote { margin: 0; }
cite { font-style: normal; }

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.btn {
  --btn-pad-y: .7rem;
  --btn-pad-x: 1.15rem;
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: .55rem;
  padding: var(--btn-pad-y) var(--btn-pad-x);
  font-family: var(--font-sans); font-weight: 600; font-size: .95rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius); text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), background-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), border-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
  white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.1; border: 1.5px solid transparent;
}
.btn:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); text-decoration: none; }
.btn:active { transform: translateY(0); }
.btn-sm { --btn-pad-y: .5rem; --btn-pad-x: .85rem; font-size: .85rem; }
.btn-lg { --btn-pad-y: .95rem; --btn-pad-x: 1.6rem; font-size: 1.05rem; }

.btn-primary { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.btn-primary:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); color: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.btn-ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); border-color: var(--border-strong); }
.btn-ghost:hover { background: var(--surface); border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.btn-outline { background: var(--surface); color: var(--ink); border-color: var(--border-strong); }
.btn-outline:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }

/* ---------- Header ---------- */
.site-header {
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 100;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 88%, transparent);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(14px);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(14px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: border-color var(--dur) var(--ease), background var(--dur) var(--ease);
}
.site-header.scrolled { border-bottom-color: var(--border); }

.header-inner {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.25rem;
  padding-block: .9rem;
}

.brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .65rem; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.brand:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.brand-mark { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 34px; height: 34px; border-radius: 8px; background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent); }
.brand-text { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.brand-text em { font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: var(--ink-soft); }

.primary-nav { margin-left: auto; }
.nav-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .25rem; }
.nav-list > li > a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: .55rem .85rem; border-radius: 7px;
  color: var(--ink-soft); text-decoration: none; font-size: .94rem; font-weight: 500;
  transition: color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), background var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}
.nav-list > li > a:hover { color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.nav-list > li > a.btn { padding: .5rem .85rem; }

.header-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem; }

.lang-switch {
  display: inline-flex; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); border-radius: 999px; overflow: hidden; background: var(--surface);
}
.lang-switch button {
  padding: .35rem .7rem; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .05em;
  color: var(--ink-muted); transition: background var(--dur-fast), color var(--dur-fast);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.lang-switch button:last-child { border-right: none; }
.lang-switch button[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.lang-switch button:not([aria-pressed="true"]):hover { background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent); }

.theme-toggle {
  width: 38px; height: 38px; border-radius: 50%; display: grid; place-items: center;
  color: var(--ink-soft); border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); background: var(--surface);
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), color var(--dur-fast), border-color var(--dur-fast);
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); transform: rotate(15deg); }
.theme-toggle i { position: absolute; transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), opacity var(--dur) var(--ease); }
.theme-toggle .fa-moon { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) rotate(0); }
.theme-toggle .fa-sun { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(40%) rotate(-90deg); }
[data-theme="dark"] .theme-toggle .fa-moon { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-40%) rotate(90deg); }
[data-theme="dark"] .theme-toggle .fa-sun { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) rotate(0); }

/* Mobile nav */
.nav-toggle { display: none; width: 40px; height: 40px; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); border-radius: 8px; background: var(--surface); }
.nav-toggle-bar { display: block; width: 20px; height: 2px; background: var(--ink); border-radius: 2px; transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), opacity var(--dur) var(--ease); }
.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg); }
.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .nav-toggle-bar:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg); }

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  padding-block: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 6rem) clamp(3rem, 5vw, 5rem);
  overflow: hidden;
  isolation: isolate;
}
.hero-backdrop {
  position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 45% at 85% 10%, var(--accent-soft) 0%, transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 40% 30% at 10% 90%, var(--accent-soft) 0%, transparent 60%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, var(--bg) 0%, var(--bg-alt) 100%);
  opacity: .9;
}
.hero-backdrop::after {
  /* Subtle thin-line grid — academic paper feel */
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(to right, color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 3%, transparent) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(to bottom, color-mix(in srgb, var(--ink) 3%, transparent) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 32px 32px;
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 50% 40%, #000 0%, transparent 70%);
}

.hero-inner {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.3fr 1fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem); align-items: center;
}
.hero-text { max-width: 32rem; }
.hero-title { font-size: var(--step-6); margin: 0 0 1.25rem; }
.hero-title-main { display: block; color: var(--ink); }
.hero-title-sub { display: block; font-size: .48em; font-weight: 400; color: var(--ink-soft); margin-top: .3em; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -.005em; }
.hero-author { font-size: var(--step-1); color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.hero-author a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--accent); padding-bottom: 1px; }
.hero-author a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.hero-tagline {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  padding: .25rem 0 .25rem 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.hero-tagline p { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: var(--step-2); font-style: italic; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; }
.hero-ctas { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .75rem; }

/* Book cover — real image */
.hero-cover { margin: 0; perspective: 1400px; display: grid; place-items: center; }
.cover-frame {
  position: relative;
  width: clamp(220px, 26vw, 340px);
  transform: rotateY(-10deg) rotateX(2deg);
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transition: transform var(--dur-slow) var(--ease);
}
.cover-frame:hover { transform: rotateY(-3deg) rotateX(1deg) translateY(-6px); }
.cover-img {
  width: 100%; height: auto; display: block;
  border-radius: 4px 10px 10px 4px;
  box-shadow:
    inset 3px 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.22),
    20px 30px 60px rgba(26,31,46,.35),
    0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .cover-img {
  box-shadow:
    inset 3px 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5),
    20px 30px 60px rgba(0,0,0,.6),
    0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.05);
}
.cover-shadow { position: absolute; inset: auto 0 -14px 5%; height: 22px; width: 90%; background: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(0,0,0,.28), transparent 70%); filter: blur(7px); z-index: -1; }

/* ---------- Sections ---------- */
.section { padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 7vw, 6.5rem); position: relative; }
.section:nth-of-type(odd) { background: var(--surface-2); }
[data-theme="dark"] .section:nth-of-type(odd) { background: var(--bg-alt); }
.section-head { margin-bottom: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem); max-width: 50rem; }
.section-head h2 { margin-bottom: .3em; }

/* Reveal on scroll */
.reveal { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(16px); transition: opacity var(--dur-slow) var(--ease), transform var(--dur-slow) var(--ease); }
.reveal.visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }

/* ---------- Reviews ---------- */
.reviews-grid {
  list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0;
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem;
}
.review {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 1.75rem;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur) var(--ease), border-color var(--dur) var(--ease);
  position: relative;
}
.review:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); border-color: var(--accent); }
.review::before {
  content: "\201C"; position: absolute; top: .3rem; right: 1.2rem;
  font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 5rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent-soft); pointer-events: none;
}
.review blockquote p { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--ink); max-width: none; }
.review blockquote { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.review-meta { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.review cite { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .15rem; }
.review cite strong { color: var(--ink); font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 600; }
.review cite span { color: var(--ink-muted); font-size: .85rem; }

/* ---------- About ---------- */
.about-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.5fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem); align-items: start; }
.about-col-head { position: sticky; top: 6rem; }
.about-col-body p { max-width: var(--measure); color: var(--ink-soft); }
.about-col-body p.lede { color: var(--ink); }
.about-chips { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 2rem 0 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; }
.about-chips li {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem;
  padding: .4rem .85rem; background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 999px; font-size: .85rem; color: var(--ink-soft); font-weight: 500;
  transition: border-color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), color var(--dur-fast) var(--ease), background var(--dur-fast) var(--ease);
}
.about-chips li:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.about-chips i { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Author ---------- */
.author-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem); align-items: start; }
.author-portrait { margin: 0; }
.portrait-frame {
  aspect-ratio: 5/6; border-radius: var(--radius-lg); overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease);
}
.portrait-frame:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }
.portrait-frame svg,
.portrait-frame img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 30%; }
.portrait-credit { margin-top: .75rem; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--ink-muted); text-align: center; }
.author-body { max-width: 60ch; }
.author-titles { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; font-size: var(--step-1); }
.author-body p { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.author-links { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin-top: 1.5rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .75rem; }
.author-links a {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  padding: .55rem .95rem; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-size: .9rem; background: var(--surface);
  transition: border-color var(--dur-fast), color var(--dur-fast), background var(--dur-fast);
}
.author-links a:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }

/* ---------- Press ---------- */
.press-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.press-card {
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 1.75rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur) var(--ease), border-color var(--dur) var(--ease);
}
.press-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); border-color: var(--accent); }
.press-outlet { font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.press-card h3 { font-size: var(--step-2); margin-bottom: .75rem; line-height: 1.25; }
.press-card h3 a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.press-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.press-card > p { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .95rem; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-style: italic; }
.press-meta { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--ink-muted); font-size: .82rem; font-style: normal !important; font-family: var(--font-sans) !important; }
.press-meta i { color: var(--accent); margin-right: .35rem; }

.press-contacts {
  background: var(--surface); border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem; border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
  font-size: .92rem;
}
.press-contacts ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: .5rem 0 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1.5rem; }
.press-contacts i { color: var(--accent); margin-right: .3rem; }

/* ---------- Launches ---------- */
.launches-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3rem; }
.launches-head { max-width: 40rem; }
.events { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr)); gap: 1.25rem; }
.event {
  display: flex; gap: 1.25rem; padding: 1.5rem; background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), border-color var(--dur) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur) var(--ease);
}
.event:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); border-color: var(--accent); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
.event-date {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 72px; aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent);
  display: grid; place-items: center; align-content: center;
  text-align: center; font-family: var(--font-serif); line-height: 1;
}
.event-day { font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 700; }
.event-month { font-size: .75rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; font-weight: 600; margin-top: .15rem; }
.event-year { font-size: .65rem; color: var(--ink-muted); margin-top: .1rem; }
.event-body h3 { font-size: var(--step-2); margin-bottom: .25rem; }
.event-body p { margin: .25rem 0; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .92rem; max-width: none; }
.event-body i { color: var(--accent); margin-right: .35rem; }
.event-format { color: var(--ink-muted) !important; font-style: italic; font-size: .88rem !important; }

/* Newsletter */
.newsletter {
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem); max-width: 40rem;
}
.newsletter h3 { font-size: var(--step-3); margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.newsletter > p { color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.newsletter-row { display: flex; gap: .75rem; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: .75rem; }
.newsletter input[type="email"] {
  flex: 1; min-width: 220px;
  padding: .75rem 1rem; border: 1.5px solid var(--border-strong); border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--bg); color: var(--ink);
  transition: border-color var(--dur-fast);
}
.newsletter input[type="email"]:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--accent); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--accent-soft); }
.newsletter-status { min-height: 1.25em; margin: .5rem 0 0; color: var(--success); font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 500; }
.newsletter-status.error { color: var(--warn); }
.newsletter-small { font-size: .8rem; color: var(--ink-muted); margin-top: .75rem; }

/* ---------- Videos ---------- */
.videos-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 1.75rem; }
.video-card {
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform var(--dur) var(--ease), box-shadow var(--dur) var(--ease);
}
.video-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }
.video-wrap {
  position: relative; aspect-ratio: 16/9;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a2f52, #3a6aa3);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.video-wrap::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none;
  background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgba(255,255,255,.03) 0 2px, transparent 2px 6px);
}
.video-wrap video {
  position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover; background: #000;
  display: block;
}
.video-wrap video:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: -3px; }
.video-card h3 { padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem .25rem; font-size: var(--step-2); }
.video-card > p { padding-inline: 1.5rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.video-credit { padding: 1rem 1.5rem 1.5rem !important; color: var(--ink-muted) !important; font-size: .8rem !important; font-family: var(--font-sans) !important; font-style: normal !important; margin-top: auto; }

/* ---------- Citation ---------- */
.cite-inner { max-width: 50rem; margin-inline: auto; }
.cite-head { text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.cite-head .eyebrow { justify-content: center; display: inline-flex; }
.cite-tool { background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); overflow: hidden; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.cite-tabs { display: flex; overflow-x: auto; background: var(--surface-2); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.cite-tabs button {
  padding: .8rem 1.25rem; font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink-muted);
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; white-space: nowrap;
  transition: color var(--dur-fast), border-color var(--dur-fast), background var(--dur-fast);
}
.cite-tabs button:hover { color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.cite-tabs button[aria-selected="true"] { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); background: var(--surface); }
.cite-panel { padding: 1.5rem; position: relative; }
.cite-output {
  font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink); background: var(--bg); border: 1px dashed var(--border-strong);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.25rem; margin: 0 0 1rem;
  white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word;
}
.cite-copy { float: right; }
.cite-copy.copied { color: var(--success); border-color: var(--success); }

/* ---------- Buy ---------- */
.buy-inner { text-align: center; max-width: 40rem; margin-inline: auto; }
.buy-inner .eyebrow { display: inline-flex; }
.buy-head { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.buy-head p { margin-inline: auto; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.buy-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; justify-content: center; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding-top: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  margin-top: 2rem;
}
.footer-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr 1.2fr; gap: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.footer-col ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .5rem; }
.footer-col ul a { color: var(--ink-soft); text-decoration: none; font-size: .92rem; }
.footer-col ul a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }
.footer-heading { font-family: var(--font-sans); font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.footer-brand p { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .92rem; margin-top: 1rem; max-width: 28ch; }
.footer-small { font-size: .8rem; color: var(--ink-muted); }

.cc-badge {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem;
  padding: .4rem .8rem; border: 1px solid var(--border-strong); border-radius: var(--radius);
  text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 600;
  background: var(--surface); margin-bottom: .75rem;
  transition: border-color var(--dur-fast), color var(--dur-fast);
}
.cc-badge:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.cc-badge i { font-size: 1.1rem; }

.footer-bottom {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem;
  padding-block: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-size: .85rem; color: var(--ink-muted);
}
.footer-bottom a { color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* ---------- Back-to-top ---------- */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed; right: 1.25rem; bottom: 1.25rem; z-index: 90;
  width: 44px; height: 44px; border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent); color: #fff;
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  opacity: 0; transform: translateY(12px);
  transition: opacity var(--dur) var(--ease), transform var(--dur) var(--ease), background var(--dur-fast);
}
.back-to-top[aria-hidden="false"], .back-to-top.visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.back-to-top:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); }
.back-to-top[hidden] { display: none; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .hero-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-cover { order: -1; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
  .cover-frame { transform: rotateY(-6deg); }
  .about-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .about-col-head { position: static; }
  .author-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .author-portrait { max-width: 220px; }
  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .nav-toggle { display: inline-flex; order: 3; }
  .primary-nav { margin-left: auto; }
  .nav-list {
    display: none; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0;
    flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 0;
    background: var(--surface); border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: .5rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  }
  .nav-list.open { display: flex; }
  .nav-list > li > a { padding: .85rem 1rem; border-radius: 0; }
  .nav-list > li > a.btn { margin: .5rem 1rem; border-radius: var(--radius); }

  .site-header { position: relative; }
  .header-inner { flex-wrap: wrap; }

  .hero-title-sub { font-size: .6em; }
  .hero-tagline p { font-size: var(--step-1); }

  .footer-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
}

/* ---------- Print ---------- */
@media print {
  .site-header, .back-to-top, .theme-toggle, .lang-switch, .newsletter, .cite-tabs, .cite-copy { display: none !important; }
  body { background: #fff; color: #000; }
  a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; }
  .section { page-break-inside: avoid; padding-block: 1.5rem; }
}